![]() ![]() It is shown that every party to a non-international armed conflict has to fulfil three criteria: it has to be (1) a collective entity (2) with capabilities to engage in sufficiently intense violence and (3) internal structures sufficient to ensure respect for basic humanitarian norms. ![]() While recognizing their great value, this chapter proposes to take a step back from these concrete indicators in order to recall broad but fundamental characteristics that any party to non-international armed conflict needs to have under international humanitarian law. Over the past decade, international jurisprudence developed numerous indicative factors to identify organized armed groups. As seen in recent conflicts in Syria, Libya, Yemen, or the Central African Republic, turmoil or inter-communal tensions escalate into armed conflicts, armed groups fragment increasingly, and some armed groups operate transnationally. Identifying non-state parties to armed conflicts becomes increasingly complex. ![]()
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